LAMARCK’S EVOLUTION: two centuries of genius and jealousy
Ross Honeywill – Pier 9, August 2008
With a narrative as lively as fiction, this is the true story of Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck and Ted Steele who, with a passionate hunger for scientific truth, overthrow the rules set by two different civilizations in two different centuries.
Before Darwin, Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck created the first theory of evolution, an idea so powerful it promised to become the great unifying force of science. But for two hundred years Lamarck’s grand idea polarized the scientific establishment and became a byword for discredited belief, until on the eve of his bicentenary, science finally caught up and proved him right.
This is the story of Lamarck’s own travails in the heat of the French Revolution and of Ted Steele, the Australian scientist who, almost two centuries later, would decode the evidence and put Lamarck back on the world stage.
It is the celebratory tale of mavericks, knaves and heroes, of brilliant men who said they could change the world, and did. This is a roller-coaster ride of intelligence, stubborn vision, belief and despair that begins with a new ending and ends with a new beginning.
REVIEWS:
The Canberra Times says: “WRITING WELL AND LUCIDLY ON SCIENTIFIC MATTERS IS A RARE TALENT: HONEYWILL DOES IT BEAUTIFULLY IN THIS FASCINATING STORY” read the full review …The Canberra Times Review
The Age says: “SPELLBINDING READING…A STORY FULL OF ARCH ENEMIES, MACHIAVELLIAN CONSPIRACIES AND PASSIONATE DEBATE”
IT’S UNFORTUNATE THAT Darwin has received all the glory for his theory of evolution when 50 years earlier, Frenchman Jean Baptiste de Lamarck proposed ideas that were to prove seminal to future discourses on evolutionary biology.
The Lamarckian theory centred on the mechanism of inheritance, with the basic premise being that environment influences an organ’s development and characteristics acquired during a lifetime could be passed on to the next generation. It sounds like a sound enough theory but, as seen in Lamarck’s Evolution, both vociferous acclaim and acrimony were to dog the scientist during his life and for the two centuries thereafter.
In his erudite yet highly readable account, Ross Honeywill charts the work of one of the pioneers of modern science as well as the subsequent findings of his successors and detractors. It begins in 18th-century France with Lamarck working against a background of revolutionary fervour, and ends at the beginning of the 21st century, with the validation of his hitherto discredited work. One wouldn’t expect that the claims and repudiations of white-coated boffins would make for spellbinding reading but Lamarck’s travails are a story full of arch enemies, Machiavellian conspiracies and passionate debate.Thuy On,The Age Book Reviews
THE CHARACTERS LEAPED OUT OF EVERY PAGE……
It’s an immensely important subject…I loved the imagery, drama and the characters that leaped out of every page. I particularly loved the central theme that proposes that answers are all there to be listened to…the music ‘finding the composer’…beautiful. Lou Petho, International award winning film maker
A LUCID AND ENGROSSING BOOK…
Let me say how much I admire this book: Ross Honeywill’s account of the entire 200 year story is breathtaking—(when) I read it I was enthralled and enthused, as I almost never am by popular history of science writing.The material is well informed by history of science perspectives and a wise use of interviews with scientific and historical experts.
Ross Honeywill’s exceptional effort, and vision, in putting this book together, is a remarkable piece of history of science popularisation. I can see now just how good popular history of science writing can be.
I confess to greatly admiring this work marked by passion, energy, detail and amazing speed and address. This is a lucid and engrossing book. In particular Ross has nailed the Steele story…I am now convinced Ted Steele is even more potentially important, and historically interesting, than I thought before. Steele is certainly redeeming the tragic heroism of Lamarck, but I think there is a more complex and fascinating story here than that: Not only does this book provide valuable insights about the process of scientific discovery, but it also places Steele in an even more important light in the history of science. I can hardly wait for this book to land right in the middle of the ongoing scientific debate raging around Lamarck and Steele.
In this book Ross is the knowledgeable, humane, enthused man of letters interested in awakening the wider reading public to some big moves in the world of science, and doing it, as many earlier disseminators did, through the story of a particular hero: as Huxley to Darwin; and Playfair to Hutton; Gamow to Einstein, so, perhaps Honeywill to Steele. Dr John Schuster, Science Historian, University of NSW
A WONDERFULLY COMPELLING NARRATIVE…
Australian scientist Ted Steele chanced on nineteenth-century French scientist, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, on a long plane flight in 1978. Reading Arthur Koestler’s Janus, he was particularly struck by the chapter ‘Lamarck Revisited’.
In 1809, Lamarck had published Philosophie Zoologique, a work in which he anticipated Darwin’s theory of evolution. What struck Steele about Lamarck’s theory was that he posited that characteristics acquired by an organism during its lifetime could be genetically passed on to its progeny. At the time, Lamarck’s theories gained many enemies and he died 20 years later: penniless and largely unacknowledged. Fifty years after Philosophie Zoologique, Darwin published On the Origin of Species. While Darwin did acknowledge Lamarck’s contribution, he disagreed with his idea that acquired characteristics could be passed on to the next generation. The ascendancy of Darwinian theory meant that few scientists pursued Lamarck’s ideas with much vigour. (Although Austrian Walter Kammerer’s experiments with the midwife toad seemed to confirm Lamarck’s theories; in the Soviet Union, agronomist Trofim Lysenko used Lamarckian theory to improve crops.) It was Steele and his colleague Reg Gorzynski who advanced the research to prove Lamarck right. In 1979, Steele (a fiery and driven character) published his findings in Somatic Selection and Adaptive Evolution. Like Lamarck, Steele was challenged by the prevailing scientific community – ultimately, he was driven, or drove himself, out of the academy. However, 200 years after his work was first published, Lamarck’s theories are finding their place.
Ross Honeywill makes what already was a fascinating story into a wonderfully compelling narrative that puts all the pieces together. In doing so, he has done science a great service. Mark Rubbo, Readings e-news